EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH PADI (Oryza sativa L.) LOKAL KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Abstract
Indonesia has a fairly high genetic variation of local rice. Although biologically abundant, genetic resources continue to decrease due to a lack of attention and inadequate use of genetic resources. The introduction of early maturing superior varieties to rice production centres in various regions has resulted in genetic erosion of local varieties, so maintaining biodiversity to achieve national food security is an important thing to do. This study aimed to explore and identify local rice cultivars in Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra. Exploration, characterization and collection assessment activities were conducted from February to November 2022. Data in the study were secondary data collected from relevant agencies, namely the Padang Pariaman District Agriculture and Food Security Service, the District Agricultural Extension Center, community leaders and farmers, while primary data collection used a survey method with random sample collection. Observations were made by directly identifying the characteristics of local rice plants in the field. The procedures followed were (1) identification of geospatial coordinate locations, (2) morphological characterization analysis of leaves, stems, grain and rice using the Bioversity International, IRRI, and WARDA 2007 guidebooks, and (3) statistical analysis of results. The characteristics considered include qualitative and quantitative characteristics processed using the Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS-pc) version 2.02 program. The exploration results obtained three (3) local rice genotypes of Padang Pariaman Regency, with 16 observed characters having similarity coefficients ranging from 0.21 (21%) to 0.31 (31%). Genotypes V1 and V2 owned the highest coefficient value at 0.31 (31%), and the lowest coefficient value was 0.21 (21%) for genotype V3. Similarity analysis of the three local rice genotypes in Padang Pariaman District showed the degree of dissimilarity between the genotypes.
Keywords: Exploration, Morphological Characterization, Local Rice.
INTISARI
Indonesia mempunyai variasi genetik padi lokal yang cukup tinggi. Meskipun melimpah secara hayati, namun sumber daya genetik terus mengalami penurunan akibat kurangnya perhatian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik yang tidak memadai. Introduksi varietas unggul berumur genjah ke sentra produksi padi di berbagai daerah telah mengakibatkan terkikisnya genetik varietas lokal, sehingga menjaga keanekaragaman hayati untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan nasional merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi budidaya padi lokal di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat. Kegiatan pengkajian eksplorasi, karakterisasi dan pengumpulan dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan November 2022. Data dalam penelitian merupakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari instansi terkait yaitu Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Kabupaten, tokoh masyarakat dan petani, sedangkan pengumpulan data primer menggunakan metode survei dengan pengumpulan sampel secara acak. Observasi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi secara langsung ciri-ciri tanaman padi lokal di lapangan. Prosedur yang dilakukan adalah (1) identifikasi lokasi koordinat geospasial, (2) analisis karakterisasi morfologi daun, batang, gabah dan padi menggunakan buku panduan Bioversity International, IRRI, dan WARDA 2007, dan (3) analisis statistik hasil. Karakteristik yang dipertimbangkan meliputi karakteristik kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang diolah menggunakan program Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS-pc) versi 2.02. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 3 (tiga) genotipe padi lokal Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, dengan 16 karakter yang diamati mempunyai koefisien kemiripan berkisar antara 0,21 (21%) hingga 0,31 (31%). Genotipe V1 dan V2 memiliki nilai koefisien tertinggi sebesar 0,31 (31%), dan nilai koefisien terendah sebesar 0,21 (21%) pada genotipe V3. Analisis kemiripan ketiga genotipe padi lokal di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman menunjukkan adanya derajat ketidaksamaan antar genotipe.
Kata kunci: Eksplorasi, Karakterisasi Morfologi, Padi Lokal
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v25i3.3294
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