AFRICAN SWINE FEVER (ASF) : ETIOLOGI, PATOGENESIS DAN GEJALA KLINIS, TRANSMISI, PENCEGAHAN SERTA PENGENDALIAN PADA TERNAK BABI
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a disease of pigs caused by African Swine Fever virus of the genus Asfvirus and family Asfarviridae. ASF virus has a limited host range and is only capable of affecting pigs. The disease affects all breeds and ages of pigs, although domestic pigs are the most susceptible. The disease is not zoonotic but causes economic losses on pig farms. ASF disease has various forms, ranging from per acute, acute, sub acute and chronic. Pigs infected with ASF will show common clinical symptoms such as high fever, cyanosis, haemorrhage, anorexia and ataxia. The spread of the disease is very rapid with a high mortality rate of more than 90%. The disease can spread through direct, indirect and vector contact. Prevention and control measures for ASF include strict biosecurity, reducing direct contact with contaminated feed or equipment such as feeding contaminated feed, quarantine, restricting pig traffic, depopulation of pigs sick with ASF, vector control, area closure, disposal and decontamination.
Keywords:. Afrikan Swine Fever, Pig, Virus
INTISARI
African Swine Fever (ASF) merupakan salah satu penyakit pada ternak babi yang disebabkan oleh virus African Swine Fever dari genus Asfvirus dan family Asfarviridae. Virus ASF memiliki jangkauan inang yang terbatas dan hanya mampu menyerang hewan babi. Virus ini menyerang semua ras dan umur babi walaupun babi peliharaan (domestik) menjadi jenis yang paling peka terhadap virus tersebut. Penyakit ini tidak bersifat zoonosis namun memberikan kerugian ekonomi bagi peternakan babi. Penyakit ASF memiliki bentuk penyakit yang bervariasi, mulai dari per akut, akut, sub akut dan kronis. Babi yang terinfeksi ASF akan menunjukkan gejala klinis umum seperti demam tinggi, sianosis, hemoragi, anoreksia dan ataksia. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat cepat dengan tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi sampai mencapai 90% lebih. Penyakit ini dapat meyebar melalui kontak langsung, tidak langsung dan vektor. Untuk tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ASF dapat dilakukan dengan cara biosekuriti yang ketat, mengurangi kontak langsung dengan pakan atau perlatan yang terkontaminasi seperti swill feeding, karantina, membatasi lalu lintas babi, depopulasi babi yang sakit ASF, pengendalian vektor, penutupan daerah, disposal dan dekontaminasi.
Kata Kunci : African Swine Fever, Babi, Virus
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v26i1.3822
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